The 1851 Navy Colt revolver is a legendary firearm, a symbol of the American Wild West. But its story extends beyond its iconic status; the addition of a conversion cylinder dramatically altered its role and impact. This article will explore the fascinating history, features, and current value of the 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinder. We'll delve into its practical applications, its significance in the Civil War, and what collectors should look for when considering a purchase.
The 1851 Navy Colt: A Foundation of Firepower
Before discussing the conversion cylinder, it's essential to understand the base weapon: the 1851 Navy Colt. This .36 caliber black powder revolver, produced by Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, was a game-changer in its time. Its relatively lightweight design, coupled with its six-shot capacity, made it highly desirable for both military and civilian use. The 1851 Navy Colt was known for its accuracy and reliability, although it required considerable care and cleaning to function optimally. Its widespread adoption solidified its place in history.
Key Features of the 1851 Navy Colt:
- Caliber: .36 caliber
- Capacity: 6 shots
- Action: Single-action, percussion cap ignition
- Material: Primarily cast iron frame, with brass trigger guard and backstrap.
- Barrel Length: Typically 7.5 inches
The Birth of the Conversion Cylinder: Adapting to Change
The inherent limitations of black powder percussion revolvers became increasingly apparent as technology advanced. The need for a more effective cartridge-firing system led to the development of the conversion cylinder. This ingenious invention allowed owners of existing 1851 Navy Colts to adapt their firearms to fire the increasingly popular .22 Short rimfire cartridges. This was a relatively simple modification: it involved replacing the original percussion cylinder with one drilled and chambered for rimfire cartridges.
How the Conversion Cylinder Worked:
The conversion cylinder itself was a separate component. It replaced the standard cylinder of the 1851 Navy Colt. This meant the original percussion mechanism was no longer used; instead, the rimfire cartridges were directly ignited by the firing pin within the conversion cylinder. This dramatically increased the rate of fire and ease of reloading compared to the black powder percussion system.
The Civil War and Beyond: The Impact of the Conversion Cylinder
The 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinder saw significant use during the American Civil War. While not as powerful as the original .36 caliber rounds, the smaller .22 Short cartridges offered several advantages:
- Increased Rate of Fire: Faster reloading and simpler operation.
- Quieter Operation: Reduced noise made it useful for scouting and stealth operations.
- Cost-Effective: .22 Short ammunition was cheaper and more readily available than .36 caliber black powder rounds.
It's crucial to note that the conversion cylinder didn't replace the original function of the 1851 Navy entirely. Many users carried both types of cylinders, switching as needed depending on the situation and the availability of ammunition. This adaptability highlights the versatility and lasting appeal of the 1851 Navy Colt platform.
Identifying and Appraising Authentic 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinders
Authenticity is paramount when dealing with historical firearms. There are numerous reproductions and fakes on the market. Knowing what to look for is crucial in ensuring you're purchasing a genuine piece of history. Here are some key identifiers:
- Markings: Look for the Colt markings on the cylinder itself and the accompanying paperwork. These markings are often subtle and can vary depending on the manufacturer or conversion specialist who created it.
- Material and Construction: Original conversion cylinders were typically made of steel, exhibiting characteristics of the era's manufacturing techniques.
- Condition: The condition will drastically impact value. Examine for signs of wear, pitting, or damage. A pristine example will command a higher price.
- Provenance: If possible, seek a conversion cylinder with verifiable provenance – a documented history of ownership. This significantly boosts value.
Value and Collectibility
The value of an 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinder varies significantly based on several factors, including condition, authenticity, and provenance. A complete and well-preserved cylinder could fetch several thousand dollars, while less desirable examples might sell for considerably less. Consulting with firearms appraisers and experts is highly recommended before making a purchase.
Table 1: Factors Affecting the Value of an 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinder
| Factor | Impact on Value |
|---|---|
| Condition | Pristine condition commands the highest prices. |
| Authenticity | Proven authenticity is essential. |
| Provenance | Documented ownership history increases value. |
| Rarity | Rare variations or markings increase value. |
| Completeness | A complete cylinder with all components is more valuable. |
Conclusion: A Piece of American History
The 1851 Navy Colt Conversion Cylinder represents a fascinating chapter in firearms history. It's a testament to human ingenuity and adaptability, showcasing how even iconic weapons evolved to meet the changing demands of warfare and technology. For collectors and enthusiasts, acquiring an authentic example is a chance to own a tangible link to the American Old West and the Civil War era. However, thorough research and expert appraisal are crucial to ensuring a genuine and valuable acquisition. Remember, always prioritize safety and adhere to all local and federal firearms regulations.