Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for a successful turkey hunt. While 12-gauge shotguns reign supreme, the 20 gauge is gaining popularity for its lighter recoil and maneuverability, particularly appealing to younger or smaller hunters. This guide dives deep into the world of 20 gauge turkey loads, specifically focusing on the effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 shot sizes. We'll examine their patterns, effective ranges, and suitability for various hunting situations.
Understanding Shot Size in Turkey Hunting
The numbers "2," "3," and "4" refer to the size of the lead or other shot material used in the shell. Smaller numbers indicate larger shot sizes; therefore, a #2 shot is larger than a #4 shot. This size directly impacts the pellet count, energy, and pattern density crucial for bringing down a turkey. Larger shot sizes deliver more devastating energy at close range, while smaller sizes offer better range and a denser pattern, albeit with less individual pellet energy.
Shot Size Comparison Chart:
| Shot Size | Pellet Diameter (inches) | Pellet Count (per ounce) | Effective Range (yards) |
|---|---|---|---|
| #2 | 0.156 | ~110 | 35-40 |
| #3 | 0.130 | ~150 | 40-45 |
| #4 | 0.110 | ~200 | 45-50 |
Note: Effective range depends heavily on choke and the quality of the shot. These ranges are estimates.
20 Gauge #2 Turkey Loads: Close-Range Powerhouse
#2 shot in a 20 gauge is a formidable option for close-range turkey hunting. Its larger pellets deliver significant energy, capable of quickly incapacitating a turkey with fewer, but heavier, hits. This makes it ideal for hunters who prefer a more powerful shot at shorter distances or are confident in their ability to get within 35-40 yards.
Advantages of #2 Shot:
- High energy transfer: Larger pellets deliver greater knock-down power at close range.
- Penetration: More likely to penetrate feathers and bone effectively at close range.
- Reduced pellet deflection: Less prone to deflection from branches or obstacles at closer distances.
Disadvantages of #2 Shot:
- Limited range: The larger pellets lose energy faster, creating a smaller effective range compared to smaller shot sizes.
- Larger pattern spread: Can be less dense at longer ranges.
20 Gauge #3 Turkey Loads: The Versatile All-Arounder
#3 shot represents a versatile choice, offering a balance between energy and range. It features a higher pellet count than #2 shot, leading to a denser pattern and improved chances of a clean kill at medium distances. Many hunters consider #3 shot to be the best overall choice for 20 gauge turkey hunting, offering a suitable compromise.
Advantages of #3 Shot:
- Good balance of power and range: Provides sufficient energy for a quick kill while also offering a longer effective range compared to #2.
- Denser pattern: Higher pellet count increases the chances of multiple pellet hits even at increased ranges.
- Suitable for various hunting styles: Works well in a variety of scenarios and ranges.
Disadvantages of #3 Shot:
- Less penetration than #2: May not penetrate thick feathers or bone as effectively at extreme close range.
20 Gauge #4 Turkey Loads: Long Range Precision
#4 shot is the most popular size for 20 gauge turkey loads, particularly for longer ranges. Its high pellet count creates a dense pattern that extends further, making it a strong choice for hunters who frequently encounter turkeys at greater distances.
Advantages of #4 Shot:
- Extended range: Smaller pellets retain energy for longer, allowing for effective shots at extended ranges.
- High pellet count: Dense pattern maximizes the likelihood of multiple pellet hits for a clean kill.
- Less recoil: Compared to larger shot sizes, resulting in a softer shooting experience.
Disadvantages of #4 Shot:
- Lower energy transfer per pellet: Individual pellets may not have as much impact energy as larger shot sizes, especially at close range.
- More susceptible to deflection: Smaller pellets are more easily deflected by obstacles.
Choke Selection and Pattern Testing: Essential Considerations
The choice of choke significantly impacts the pattern of your shot. For 20-gauge turkey hunting, consider using a full or extra-full choke to produce the tightest pattern necessary for effective shots. Regardless of the shot size you choose, always pattern your load with your shotgun and choke at the ranges you expect to be shooting. This allows you to fine-tune your hunting setup for optimal performance.
Case Study: The Importance of Pattern Testing
A hunter using a 20-gauge with #3 shot and a full choke found his pattern consistently hitting only 60% of a 10-inch circle at 40 yards. This revealed a problem with his setup, prompting a switch to a different brand of ammunition that significantly improved his pattern density. This underscores the critical importance of pattern testing.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right 20 Gauge Turkey Load
Selecting the optimal 20 gauge turkey load depends largely on hunting style and anticipated shot distances. #2 shot excels at close range, #3 shot offers versatility, and #4 shot shines at longer distances. However, always prioritize pattern testing to ensure your chosen load delivers the consistent, lethal pattern necessary for a successful and ethical hunt. Remember to always consult your state's hunting regulations for legal shot sizes and hunting guidelines.