Introduction:
The .338 caliber, known for its power and accuracy, has gained significant popularity among hunters and long-range shooters. While factory ammunition is readily available, many reloaders find casting their own .338 lead bullets a rewarding and cost-effective endeavor. This guide delves into the world of 338 lead cast bullets, covering everything from alloy selection and casting techniques to sizing, lubrication, and final considerations for safe and effective use. Choosing the right 338 lead cast bullet can significantly impact accuracy and performance.
Understanding Lead Alloy for .338 Cast Bullets
The success of your .338 lead cast bullets hinges heavily on the alloy you choose. Different alloys offer varying hardness, leading to different performance characteristics in your firearm.
Alloy Composition and Hardness
- Pure Lead: Soft, easy to cast, but too soft for most firearms. It'll quickly deform and lead your barrel. Generally avoided for anything beyond target shooting at very close ranges.
- Linotype: A popular choice, offering a good balance of hardness and castability. It’s commonly used for many calibers, including .338. Contains antimony and tin for increased hardness.
- Wheelweights: Another readily available option, offering higher hardness than linotype due to a higher antimony content. Requires careful melting and cleaning to remove impurities.
- Custom Alloys: Experienced reloaders often experiment with custom alloys by adding tin, antimony, or other elements to fine-tune hardness. This requires precise measurement and understanding of the effects of each additive.
Table 1: Common Lead Alloy Properties
| Alloy Type | Antimony (%) | Tin (%) | Hardness (Brinell) | Castability | Barrel Leading Potential |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Lead | 0 | 0 | ~4 | Excellent | Very High |
| Linotype | 3-5 | 2-4 | ~15-20 | Good | Moderate |
| Wheelweights | 5-15 | 0-2 | ~20-30 | Fair | Low |
| Custom Alloy (Example) | 8 | 2 | ~25 | Moderate | Low |
Note: Brinell hardness numbers are approximate and can vary depending on the specific alloy composition and testing method.
Casting .338 Lead Bullets: Techniques and Equipment
Casting your own .338 lead bullets requires specific equipment and a careful approach to safety. Lead is toxic, and proper ventilation and safety precautions are paramount.
Essential Casting Equipment
- Melting Pot: A suitable pot capable of melting lead safely and efficiently. Electric pots are generally preferred for better temperature control.
- Ladle: For pouring molten lead into your molds.
- Molds: .338 caliber molds are available from various manufacturers. Choose molds that produce bullets with the desired weight and profile. Two-cavity molds are common and improve efficiency.
- Alloying Components: If making custom alloys, you'll need precise measuring tools.
- Safety Gear: This is crucial. Include eye protection, gloves, and a well-ventilated area. A respirator is highly recommended.
The Casting Process
- Prepare your alloy: Melt the lead alloy in your melting pot, ensuring the temperature is consistent throughout the melt. Use a thermometer to monitor temperature, usually around 700-750°F (370-399°C).
- Preheat your molds: This helps prevent premature solidification and improves bullet detail.
- Pour the molten lead: Carefully pour molten lead into the preheated molds, filling them completely but avoiding overflows.
- Allow to cool: Once the lead has solidified, remove the bullets from the mold.
Sizing, Lubrication, and Final Preparation
Before loading your .338 lead cast bullets, sizing and lubrication are crucial steps.
Sizing
Sizing ensures the bullets fit snugly in your firearm's chamber and barrel. Use a sizing die appropriate for the bullet diameter and your rifle's chamber. Improper sizing can lead to accuracy problems and potential damage to your firearm.
Lubrication
Lubrication reduces friction during firing, protecting both the bullet and the barrel. Common lubricants for cast bullets include:
- Alox: A popular and effective lubricant.
- Lee Liquid Alox: Easy to apply and provides good lubrication.
- Commercial Cast Bullet Lubricants: Many commercial options offer varying levels of performance.
Proper lubrication techniques are vital to avoid excessive fouling and barrel leading.
Testing and Refinement
Once you've cast, sized, and lubricated your .338 lead bullets, thorough testing is essential.
Start with small batches, carefully recording your results. Pay close attention to accuracy, velocity, and signs of barrel leading. Adjust your alloy composition, sizing, and lubrication as needed to optimize performance.
Conclusion: The Rewards of Casting Your Own .338 Lead Bullets
Casting your own .338 lead bullets offers significant advantages, including cost savings and the ability to tailor your ammunition to your specific needs. However, it requires attention to detail, proper safety precautions, and a willingness to experiment and refine your process. By understanding the principles discussed here, you can enjoy the satisfaction of creating accurate and reliable ammunition for your .338 rifle. Remember to always consult your firearm’s manual and follow safe reloading practices.