Finding the right bullet for your 45-70 Government rifle can significantly impact accuracy, performance, and overall shooting experience. This guide dives deep into the world of 45-70 bullets for reloading, covering various bullet types, weights, and applications to help you make informed choices. We'll explore the nuances of different bullet designs and their suitability for various hunting scenarios and target shooting.
Understanding 45-70 Bullet Options
The 45-70 cartridge, a classic powerhouse, offers a wide selection of bullets for reloading. The choice depends heavily on intended use—be it hunting large game, plinking at the range, or competitive shooting.
Bullet Weight and its Implications
Bullet weight is a critical factor influencing the 45-70's ballistic performance. Heavier bullets generally offer superior energy retention at longer ranges, making them ideal for hunting large game. However, heavier bullets also tend to have lower velocities. Lighter bullets, on the other hand, are better suited for target shooting or situations where flatter trajectory is desired.
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Typical Application | Velocity (fps) (Approximate) | Energy (ft-lbs) (Approximate) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 300 | Target shooting, shorter ranges | 1600-1800 | 1800-2200 |
| 350 | Versatile, hunting, target | 1500-1700 | 2000-2500 |
| 405 | Big game hunting | 1300-1500 | 2500-3000 |
| 500 | Big game hunting, maximum power | 1100-1300 | 3000+ |
Note: Velocities and energies are highly dependent on powder charge, barrel length, and other factors. These are approximate values.
Bullet Types: A Detailed Look
Several bullet types are available for 45-70 reloading:
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Round Nose (RN): Simple, inexpensive, and suitable for target shooting and lighter game. They have a relatively low ballistic coefficient (BC), meaning they lose velocity quickly over distance.
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Round Nose Flat Point (RNFP): Similar to RN, but the flat point aids in feeding and can offer slightly improved accuracy. Still best for shorter ranges.
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Flat Point (FP): Offers better accuracy than RN and RNFP, with slightly improved BC. A versatile choice for both target and hunting.
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Flat Point Gas Check (FPGC): Designed for higher pressures and velocities, offering improved accuracy and reduced leading. Often preferred for hunting heavier game. The gas check helps to seal the base of the bullet, reducing lead fouling.
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Hollow Point (HP): Expands upon impact, creating significant wound channels. Primarily used for hunting, providing humane kills. Various HP designs, like the Jacketed Hollow Point (JHP) and the Controlled Expansion HP (CEHP), offer different expansion characteristics.
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Spitzer/Boat Tail (BT): Highly aerodynamic design that provides the highest BC among bullet types. Ideal for long-range shooting and hunting. Boat tail bullets are usually jacketed to handle high pressure and speed.
Choosing the Right Bullet for Your Needs
The optimal 45-70 bullet depends entirely on the intended use:
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Target Shooting: RN, RNFP, or FP bullets in lighter weights (300-350 grains) are good choices.
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Hunting Smaller Game (Deer, Hogs): FP or HP bullets in the 300-405 grain range provide sufficient stopping power.
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Hunting Larger Game (Elk, Bear): Heavier bullets (405 grains and up), particularly FPGC or hard-cast bullets, are recommended. Consider controlled expansion designs to maximize effect.
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Long-Range Shooting: Spitzer or boat tail bullets are crucial for maintaining accuracy and velocity at extended distances.
Reloading Considerations for 45-70 Bullets
Reloading your own 45-70 ammunition allows for precise control over bullet weight, powder charge, and overall performance. However, it's crucial to adhere to safe reloading practices and consult loading manuals for recommended powder charges and pressures. Always start low and work up gradually when testing new loads. Never exceed maximum pressure limits specified by your powder manufacturer.
Case Preparation and Primer Selection
Properly preparing your brass cases is essential for safe and consistent reloading. This includes resizing, trimming, and cleaning. Primer selection also plays a role, with larger rifle primers often preferred for the 45-70's higher pressures.
Powder Selection and Charge Development
Numerous powders are suitable for the 45-70, each with its own burn rate and characteristics. Accurate powder measurement is paramount. Start with the minimum charge listed in your reloading manual and work up gradually while closely monitoring pressure signs. A chronograph is recommended to measure velocity.
Case Sizing and Crimping
Proper case sizing is vital to ensure consistent chambering and bullet seating. Crimping secures the bullet in the case mouth, preventing it from moving during recoil. Incorrect crimping can lead to accuracy issues or even dangerous bullet setback.
Safety First: Reloading Precautions
Reloading is inherently dangerous if not approached with caution. Always:
- Consult reloading manuals for your specific components.
- Never exceed maximum recommended loads.
- Wear appropriate safety glasses and hearing protection.
- Inspect each cartridge carefully before loading it into your rifle.
- Never mix components from different manufacturers without careful verification.
By carefully considering bullet type, weight, and reloading procedures, you can optimize the performance of your 45-70 rifle, ensuring accuracy, reliability, and safety in various applications, from target practice to big-game hunting. Remember, safety and precision are paramount in reloading. Consult reputable resources and prioritize safe handling practices.