The .45-70 Government and the .44 Magnum are both iconic cartridges with rich histories and dedicated followings. Both boast impressive stopping power, but they cater to different needs and applications. This in-depth comparison explores the key differences between these powerful rounds, helping you determine which is the right choice for your specific purposes.
Ballistics: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The most significant difference between the .45-70 and the .44 Magnum lies in their ballistics. The .45-70, a significantly older cartridge, delivers considerably more energy and heavier projectiles.
| Cartridge | Caliber | Typical Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .45-70 Govt | .458" | 300-500 | 1800-2200 | 1800-3000 |
| .44 Magnum | .429" | 240-300 | 1200-1500 | 1000-1500 |
As the table shows, the .45-70 consistently outperforms the .44 Magnum in terms of both muzzle velocity and energy. This difference is substantial and directly impacts the cartridge's effectiveness at longer ranges and against larger game.
Bullet Weight and Penetration:
The heavier bullets of the .45-70 Government generally lead to greater penetration, making it better suited for hunting larger game. The .44 Magnum, while powerful, is better suited for medium-sized game due to its lighter projectiles and slightly less penetration.
Range and Accuracy:
While both cartridges are accurate at reasonable ranges, the .45-70’s higher velocity and heavier bullet result in a flatter trajectory, improving accuracy at longer distances. However, the .44 Magnum’s lighter recoil allows for faster follow-up shots, potentially offering an advantage in certain self-defense situations.
Recoil and Handling:
The substantial difference in energy translates to a noticeable difference in recoil. The .45-70 Government generates significantly more recoil than the .44 Magnum, making it more challenging to handle, especially for less experienced shooters. This recoil can also affect accuracy, especially during rapid firing. The .44 Magnum, while still powerful, offers a more manageable recoil, improving shooter comfort and potentially increasing accuracy.
Applications: Hunting and Self-Defense
The choice between the .45-70 and the .44 Magnum heavily depends on intended use.
Hunting:
- .45-70: Ideal for large game hunting, such as elk, bear, and moose, thanks to its substantial stopping power and penetration. Its performance on larger, tougher animals is unmatched by the .44 Magnum.
- .44 Magnum: Suitable for medium-sized game like deer, boar, and coyotes. Its lighter recoil makes it more practical for hunting in dense forests or when multiple shots may be needed.
Self-Defense:
- .45-70: While the power is undeniable, the heavy recoil and less maneuverable nature of larger .45-70 rifles make it less practical than the .44 Magnum for home defense.
- .44 Magnum: The .44 Magnum’s manageable recoil and availability in revolver and carbine formats make it a more viable option for self-defense, especially in situations requiring quick, accurate shots. However, overpenetration is a concern and proper shot placement is crucial.
Weapon Availability and Cost:
Both cartridges enjoy strong support from firearm manufacturers. The .45-70 is available in lever-action rifles, single-shot rifles, and even some modern bolt-action rifles. The .44 Magnum is more widely available in revolvers and carbines, making it a more versatile option for various firearm platforms. Ammunition costs for both calibers are comparable, although variations exist depending on manufacturer and bullet type.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The “better” cartridge depends entirely on your intended use. The .45-70 Government excels in power, range, and penetration, making it a formidable choice for large game hunting. The .44 Magnum, with its manageable recoil and widespread availability, shines as a more versatile option for self-defense and medium-game hunting. Consider your priorities, experience level, and intended use carefully before making your decision.