The .45-70 Government cartridge, a powerhouse even by today's standards, has a long and storied history, deeply intertwined with the development of the lever-action rifle. This combination – the robust .45-70 round and the fast-cycling lever action – created a potent and iconic firearm. This guide delves into the world of .45 lever action rifles, exploring their history, variations, uses, and considerations for modern shooters.
The History of the .45-70 Lever Action
The .45-70 Government cartridge itself was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873, quickly becoming the standard for its single-shot Springfield Trapdoor rifles. Its immense stopping power proved invaluable in conflicts like the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War. However, the single-shot design limited its rate of fire.
The advent of lever-action rifles changed everything. Companies like Winchester and Marlin quickly adapted their designs to chamber the powerful cartridge, creating iconic firearms like the Winchester Model 1886 and the Marlin Model 1895. These rifles offered a significant advantage in speed and firepower compared to their single-shot predecessors, solidifying the .45-70 lever action's place in American history.
Key Moments in .45-70 Lever Action History:
- 1873: The .45-70 Government cartridge is adopted by the U.S. Army.
- Late 1800s: Winchester and Marlin introduce lever-action rifles chambered in .45-70.
- Early 1900s: The .45-70 lever action sees extensive use in hunting and military applications.
- Mid-20th Century: Interest wanes as newer cartridges gain popularity.
- Late 20th Century - Present: A resurgence in popularity due to its potent power and historical significance. Modern manufacturers produce new and updated versions.
Popular .45 Lever Action Rifle Models
Several manufacturers currently produce or have produced .45-70 lever-action rifles. The choices range from faithful reproductions of classic designs to modern interpretations with updated features.
Classic Models & Their Legacy:
- Winchester Model 1886: This rifle represents a pinnacle of lever-action design, renowned for its robust construction and smooth action. Many consider it the quintessential .45-70 lever gun.
- Marlin Model 1895: Another classic, known for its strong action and enduring reliability. It remains a popular choice for hunting and collecting.
- Browning BLR: A more modern take on the lever-action design, offering a controlled-round-feed action for improved reliability.
Modern Interpretations:
Several modern manufacturers, such as Henry Repeating Arms and Rossi, produce .45-70 lever-action rifles. These often incorporate modern features like improved sights, synthetic stocks, and scope mounts, catering to contemporary shooters' preferences.
Uses of the .45 Lever Action Rifle
The .45-70 lever action's power and versatility make it suitable for various applications.
Hunting Applications:
The .45-70 is exceptionally effective for hunting large game animals, including elk, deer, and bear. Its heavy bullet delivers significant stopping power at moderate ranges.
Target Shooting and Cowboy Action Shooting:
The .45-70's recoil is substantial, making it less than ideal for rapid-fire target practice. However, it is used in Cowboy Action Shooting competitions.
Collecting and Historical Significance:
Many .45-70 lever actions are highly sought-after collector's items, particularly those in excellent condition or with historical significance.
Choosing a .45 Lever Action Rifle: Key Considerations
Selecting the right .45-70 lever action depends on individual needs and preferences. Key factors include:
- Budget: Prices range significantly, from affordable modern models to highly collectible antique firearms.
- Intended Use: Hunting, target shooting, or collecting will influence the features you prioritize.
- Condition (for used rifles): Thoroughly inspect used rifles for wear, damage, and proper function.
- Action Smoothness: A smooth, reliable lever action is essential for enjoyable shooting.
- Accuracy: Test-fire rifles whenever possible to assess their accuracy.
Safety Precautions with .45-70 Lever Actions
The .45-70 cartridge is powerful, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols:
- Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
- Never point a firearm at anything you do not intend to shoot.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
- Be aware of your surroundings and ensure a safe backstop.
- Wear appropriate eye and ear protection.
Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of the .45 Lever Action Rifle
The .45 lever action rifle remains a powerful and iconic firearm. Its combination of history, power, and versatility continues to attract shooters and collectors. Whether you're a seasoned hunter, a competitive shooter, or a firearms enthusiast, understanding the nuances of this classic design ensures a safe and rewarding experience. Remember to always prioritize safety and responsible gun ownership.