The .450 Marlin and the .45-70 Government are both powerful, large-bore cartridges with a rich history, often used for hunting big game. While superficially similar, they possess key differences that make them suitable for different applications and shooting styles. This detailed comparison will explore their ballistic performance, recoil characteristics, availability, and overall suitability for various hunting scenarios. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the right cartridge for your needs.
Ballistic Performance: Power and Precision Compared
Both the .450 Marlin and the .45-70 are known for their substantial stopping power, but their performance varies slightly.
.450 Marlin Ballistics
The .450 Marlin, developed by Marlin Firearms, is a relatively modern cartridge designed specifically for their lever-action rifles. It boasts impressive energy levels, but its trajectory is generally flatter than the .45-70, making it easier to hit targets at longer ranges.
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| 300 | 2200 | 2600 |
| 350 | 2000 | 2900 |
Key Features:
- Higher Velocity: Generally offers higher muzzle velocity compared to the .45-70 at comparable bullet weights.
- Flatter Trajectory: Its flatter trajectory translates to more consistent accuracy at longer ranges.
- Designed for Lever Actions: Specifically designed to function reliably in lever-action rifles.
.45-70 Government Ballistics
The .45-70 Government, a much older cartridge dating back to the late 19th century, has a longer and storied history. It's known for its immense power and ability to take down large game animals, even at substantial ranges. However, its trajectory tends to be more arched than the .450 Marlin.
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| 300 | 2000 | 2300 |
| 405 | 1700 | 2800 |
Key Features:
- High Stopping Power: Well-regarded for its powerful stopping power, particularly with heavier bullets.
- More Arched Trajectory: Its trajectory is generally more curved compared to the .450 Marlin.
- Wide Range of Loads: Available in a wider variety of loads, from lighter bullets for shorter ranges to heavier bullets for maximum impact.
Comparative Table:
| Feature | .450 Marlin | .45-70 Government |
|---|---|---|
| Muzzle Velocity | Generally Higher | Generally Lower |
| Trajectory | Flatter | More Arched |
| Recoil | Sharper, Snappier | Heavier, but potentially less jarring |
| Accuracy | Often touted as slightly better | Can achieve high accuracy with proper load selection |
| Maximum Effective Range | Slightly Longer | Slightly Shorter |
Recoil Management: A Matter of Personal Preference
Both cartridges produce significant recoil. The .450 Marlin generally produces a snappier recoil due to its higher velocity, while the .45-70's recoil is heavier but potentially less abrupt. The shooter's build and experience greatly influence recoil tolerance. Using recoil pads and proper shooting techniques are recommended with both cartridges.
Availability of Ammunition and Rifles
Ammunition for both calibers is readily available, although the .45-70 Government often offers a broader range of bullet weights and load types. Similarly, rifles chambered in .45-70 are more widely available than those chambered specifically in .450 Marlin, given the .45-70's much longer history.
Hunting Applications: Choosing the Right Tool
Both cartridges are suitable for hunting large game animals such as deer, elk, and bear. The choice depends primarily on hunting style and distance. The .450 Marlin's flatter trajectory may be preferable for longer shots in open country, while the .45-70's power is formidable at closer ranges and excels in dense cover.
Conclusion: The Best Cartridge Depends on Your Needs
The choice between the .450 Marlin and the .45-70 Government ultimately depends on individual preferences and hunting needs. The .450 Marlin offers higher velocity and a flatter trajectory, making it ideal for longer-range shots, while the .45-70's significant power and greater availability remain highly attractive to many hunters. Careful consideration of ballistic performance, recoil characteristics, and hunting style should guide your decision.