The question, "Can you shoot 7.62x51 out of a .308?" is a common one among firearms enthusiasts, and the short answer is generally no, and it's extremely dangerous to try. While the cartridges appear similar, crucial differences make firing 7.62x51 NATO (.308 Winchester) ammunition in a .308 Winchester chamber or vice versa incredibly risky. This article delves into the specifics to explain why.
Understanding the Cartridge Differences: 7.62x51 vs .308 Winchester
Both 7.62x51 NATO and .308 Winchester are powerful rifle cartridges firing a roughly .308 inch (7.82 mm) diameter bullet. However, subtle but significant differences exist:
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Case Dimensions: Although seemingly identical, the 7.62x51 NATO case is slightly longer and larger in diameter than the .308 Winchester case. This difference might appear minor, but it's crucial for chamber pressure and firearm safety.
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Chamber Specifications: .308 Winchester rifles are designed and manufactured to precise specifications for the .308 Winchester cartridge. The chamber dimensions are tighter. Firing a 7.62x51 round in a .308 chamber could lead to a catastrophic failure. Conversely, the 7.62x51 chamber is designed to handle the higher pressures associated with that cartridge. A .308 round fired in a 7.62x51 chamber could experience lower pressure than intended.
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Maximum Average Pressure (MAP): The 7.62x51 NATO cartridge has a higher maximum average pressure (MAP) than the .308 Winchester. This means the 7.62x51 round generates significantly more pressure when fired. A .308 chamber cannot reliably contain this higher pressure, increasing the risk of a dangerous malfunction.
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Bullet Weight and Velocity: While there can be an overlap in bullet weight and velocity between the two, the 7.62x51 NATO often uses heavier bullets. The higher pressure from 7.62x51 rounds can exacerbate issues within a .308 chamber.
The Dangers of Mixing Cartridges: Why It's Never Worth the Risk
Attempting to fire a 7.62x51 round in a .308 chamber can result in serious consequences:
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Chamber Rupture: The increased pressure from the 7.62x51 round can exceed the .308 chamber's design limits. This could lead to the chamber bursting, causing severe injury or death to the shooter and bystanders.
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Barrel Damage: Excessive pressure can also damage the barrel, rendering the firearm unusable and potentially dangerous to handle.
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Bolt Failure: The increased pressure can cause the bolt to fail, resulting in the firearm's malfunction and potential injury.
Case Study: While precise data on incidents is difficult to obtain due to underreporting, anecdotal evidence and forums dedicated to firearms consistently warn of the dangers of mixing these cartridges. The consequences are often severe and irreversible, leading to serious injury or death.
Visual Aid: Comparing Case Dimensions
While a precise comparison requires specialized measuring tools, the following illustrates the dimensional difference:
| Cartridge | Case Length (Approximate) | Case Diameter (Approximate) |
|---|---|---|
| .308 Winchester | 2.01 inches | 0.473 inches |
| 7.62x51 NATO | 2.00 inches | 0.472 inches |
Note: These measurements are approximations, and variations can exist between manufacturers. The subtle differences can have significant impacts on safety.
What to Do if You're Unsure
If you're ever unsure about the caliber of your ammunition or firearm, do not attempt to fire it. Consult a qualified gunsmith or firearms expert. Safety should always be the top priority when handling firearms.
Conclusion: Safety First
Firing 7.62x51 NATO ammunition in a .308 Winchester chamber or vice versa is exceedingly dangerous and should never be attempted. The slight differences in cartridge dimensions and pressure ratings make this a recipe for catastrophic failure. Always double-check your ammunition and firearm compatibility before handling or firing any firearm. Safety is paramount, and the potential consequences far outweigh any perceived benefit. Prioritize safe gun handling practices, and consult professionals when in doubt.