Introduction:
The AR-15 platform, while renowned for its reliability, is not immune to malfunctions. One common issue is failure to feed, where a round fails to properly chamber from the magazine. This can stem from various causes, ranging from simple user errors to more complex mechanical problems. This in-depth guide will explore the common reasons behind AR-15 failure to feed issues, providing troubleshooting steps and preventive maintenance techniques. Understanding these issues is crucial for maintaining the reliable operation of your AR-15 rifle. Failure to feed can occur for any number of reasons, and addressing them quickly is essential for safety and effective shooting.
Understanding the Feeding Cycle
Before diving into troubleshooting, understanding the AR-15's feeding cycle is essential. The process involves several steps:
- Bolt Forward: The bolt carrier group (BCG) is in the forward position, the chamber is empty.
- Magazine Feed: The magazine spring pushes a round up toward the bolt.
- Bolt Engagement: The bolt's claw engages the cartridge case.
- Chambering: The bolt strips the round from the magazine and chambers it.
- Locking: The bolt locks into the receiver extension.
- Firing: The trigger initiates the firing sequence.
Any disruption in this sequence can lead to a failure to feed.
Common Causes of AR-15 Failure to Feed
Several factors can contribute to an AR-15's failure to feed. Let's examine some of the most frequent causes:
Magazine Issues:
- Faulty Magazine: Damaged or worn magazines are a leading cause. Bent feed lips, cracked bodies, or weak springs can all prevent reliable feeding. Solution: Inspect your magazines carefully. Replace any damaged ones.
- Over-insertion: Inserting the magazine too far into the magwell can interfere with the feeding process. Solution: Ensure the magazine is seated correctly.
- Magazine Type: Some magazines are simply not compatible with particular AR-15 builds. Solution: Use magazines specifically designed for your lower receiver.
- Improper Loading: Improperly loaded magazines can lead to misaligned rounds, jamming the feed. Solution: Always load your magazines correctly; ensure the rounds are straight and seated properly.
Ammunition Problems:
- Damaged Ammunition: Bent, dented, or otherwise damaged rounds will fail to feed reliably. Solution: Only use high-quality, undamaged ammunition.
- Improper Ammunition Type: Using ammunition that isn't compatible with your rifle can lead to malfunctions. Solution: Use ammunition that is the correct caliber and matches the specifications of your rifle.
- Dirty Ammunition: Dirt and debris can interfere with reliable feeding. Solution: Keep your ammunition clean and store it properly.
Rifle Component Issues:
- Bolt Carrier Group (BCG) Issues: A damaged or improperly lubricated BCG is a common culprit. This includes problems with the bolt's cam pin, extractor, or ejector. Solution: Clean and lubricate your BCG regularly. Replace worn or damaged parts.
- Gas System Issues: Problems with the gas system, such as a clogged gas tube or port, can cause feeding problems. Solution: Clean your gas system thoroughly, paying attention to the gas tube and port.
- Buffer Tube Issues: Issues with the buffer tube or spring can affect the BCG's cycling, ultimately causing feeding problems. Solution: Ensure your buffer tube and spring are properly installed and in good condition.
- Dust Cover Issues: The dust cover should be properly closed and not interfering with the bolt's movement. Solution: Make sure the dust cover is correctly in place.
- Barrel Issues: A severely damaged or obstructed barrel can interfere with proper cycling. Solution: Inspect the barrel for damage and obstructions. Replace it if necessary (this is a specialist job).
Environmental Factors:
- Extreme Temperatures: Very hot or cold temperatures can affect the performance of the rifle and ammunition. Solution: Store your rifle and ammunition in a temperature-controlled environment.
- Dirt and Debris: Dirt and debris accumulating within the receiver can interfere with proper functioning. Solution: Regularly clean and lubricate your AR-15.
Troubleshooting Steps for Failure to Feed
- Inspect the Ammunition: Begin by checking your ammunition for any damage.
- Inspect the Magazine: Examine the magazine for damage, proper seating, and correct loading.
- Clean the Rifle: Thoroughly clean and lubricate the AR-15, paying particular attention to the BCG and gas system.
- Check the BCG: Visually inspect the BCG for damage or wear.
- Test Different Magazines: Try different magazines to rule out magazine-related problems.
- Test Different Ammunition: Use different brands or types of ammunition to see if the problem persists.
- Seek Professional Help: If the problem persists, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Preventive Maintenance
Regular maintenance is key to preventing failure to feed:
- Regular Cleaning: Clean your rifle after each use.
- Lubrication: Use a high-quality gun lubricant.
- Magazine Inspection: Regularly inspect your magazines for damage.
- Ammunition Storage: Store your ammunition properly.
Conclusion:
Failure to feed in an AR-15 can be frustrating, but by understanding the potential causes and following the troubleshooting steps outlined, you can resolve most issues. Remember, regular cleaning, lubrication, and inspection are crucial for maintaining reliable performance and preventing future problems. Always prioritize safety when handling firearms, and if you are unsure about performing any maintenance or troubleshooting, seek professional help.