Form 4473, the "Firearm Transaction Record," is a crucial document in the United States firearm acquisition process. Understanding how to correctly fill it out is essential for both buyers and licensed dealers. Incorrect or incomplete information can lead to delays, denials, and even legal consequences. This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough of completing Form 4473, ensuring a smooth and compliant firearm purchase.
Understanding the Importance of Form 4473
Form 4473 is the legal record of a firearm transaction between a licensed firearms dealer (FFL) and a purchaser. It's a vital part of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) process. The information provided on this form allows the FBI to conduct a background check to determine if the buyer is legally eligible to own a firearm. Failure to accurately complete Form 4473 is a federal offense.
Key Sections of Form 4473: A Step-by-Step Guide
The form itself is extensive, but breaking it down into sections simplifies the process. Remember, honesty and accuracy are paramount.
Part 1: Buyer Information
This section requires personal details. Accuracy is crucial. Double-check your information:
- Name: Use your full legal name as it appears on your government-issued identification.
- Address: Provide your current and complete residential address. P.O. boxes are generally not acceptable.
- Date of Birth: Enter your birthdate accurately.
- Social Security Number (SSN): This is required for the NICS background check.
- Race and Sex: Choose the appropriate options from the provided list. Note: providing inaccurate information is a violation of federal law.
Part 2: Transaction Information
This section details the firearm purchase itself:
- Type of Firearm: Specify whether it’s a handgun, shotgun, or rifle.
- Manufacturer: Identify the manufacturer of the firearm.
- Caliber/Gauge: Enter the caliber or gauge of the firearm.
- Serial Number: This is crucial for tracing the firearm. Record it accurately.
- Multiple Firearms: If purchasing multiple firearms, a separate Form 4473 is typically needed for each. This should be clarified with the dealer.
Part 3: Questions Regarding Buyer Eligibility
This is the most critical part of the form. These questions determine your eligibility to purchase a firearm. Answering "yes" to any of these questions could lead to denial of the sale. Carefully review each question before answering. Examples include:
- Have you ever been convicted of a felony?
- Are you an unlawful user of, or addicted to, marijuana or any controlled substance?
- Have you been adjudicated as a mental defective or have you been committed to a mental institution?
- Are you subject to a court order restraining you from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner or child?
- Have you been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions?
If you are unsure about any question, consult with a legal professional before answering. Incorrect answers can lead to serious legal consequences.
Part 4: Dealer Information & Certification
This section is completed by the licensed firearms dealer:
- FFL License Number: The dealer will enter their license number.
- Date of Transaction: The dealer will record the date of the sale.
- Dealer Signature: The dealer's signature confirms the transaction.
Part 5: Purchaser's Certification
This is the buyer's affirmation that the information provided is accurate and that they are legally eligible to purchase the firearm.
- Purchaser Signature: Your signature signifies that you have read, understood, and attest to the accuracy of the information provided.
- Date: The date you signed the form.
Tips for Completing Form 4473
- Bring Your Identification: Have a valid government-issued photo ID, such as a driver's license or passport, ready.
- Read Carefully: Thoroughly read each question before answering.
- Seek Clarification: If you're unsure about any question, ask the licensed firearms dealer for clarification.
- Be Honest: Provide truthful and accurate information. Lying on Form 4473 is a federal offense.
- Keep a Copy: The dealer will retain one copy, and you should receive a copy for your records.
Consequences of Incorrect Information
Submitting false information on Form 4473 carries severe penalties, including:
- Denial of the firearm purchase.
- Federal prosecution for making false statements.
- Potential imprisonment and fines.
Accurate completion of Form 4473 is a crucial step in the responsible purchase of firearms. Taking the time to carefully and honestly complete this form is essential for both legal compliance and personal safety. If you have any doubts or uncertainties, consult with a legal professional or the licensed firearms dealer. They can offer guidance and help you ensure a smooth and compliant transaction.