Maintaining your AR-15 rifle means more than just keeping it oiled. Regular and proper cleaning of the barrel is crucial for accuracy, reliability, and the longevity of your firearm. This in-depth guide will walk you through the process, ensuring your AR-15 barrel stays in top condition. Ignoring this essential maintenance can lead to malfunctions and decreased accuracy. Let's dive into the specifics of how to effectively clean your AR-15 barrel.
Understanding the Importance of AR-15 Barrel Cleaning
Before we get into the specifics of cleaning, let's emphasize why it's so important. Every time you fire your AR-15, residue from the gunpowder – including copper fouling, lead, and carbon – builds up inside the barrel. This residue:
- Reduces Accuracy: Buildup interferes with the smooth passage of the projectile, affecting accuracy and precision.
- Increases Pressure: Excessive fouling can increase chamber pressure, potentially leading to damage to your firearm.
- Causes Malfunctions: Residue can impede the smooth operation of your bolt carrier group, causing jams and malfunctions.
- Damages the Barrel: Over time, corrosive residue can etch and damage the barrel's rifling, permanently degrading performance.
Gathering Your Essential AR-15 Cleaning Supplies
Before you begin, gather the necessary supplies. Improper tools or shortcuts can damage your firearm. Here's a list of what you'll need:
- AR-15 Barrel Cleaning Kit: A comprehensive kit will usually include a cleaning rod, jag, patches, bore brush, and a cleaning solvent. Choose a kit that specifically mentions AR-15 compatibility.
- Cleaning Solvent: Select a solvent specifically designed for removing copper and powder fouling from firearm barrels. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
- Gun Oil: Use a high-quality gun oil to lubricate the barrel after cleaning.
- Patches: These are used to push the solvent and fouling out of the barrel. Use patches that fit snugly onto your jag but aren't too tight.
- Bore Brush: A bronze or nylon bore brush is suitable for removing the bulk of the fouling. Ensure it's the correct caliber (.223 or 5.56mm) for your AR-15.
- Cleaning Rod: A high-quality cleaning rod is vital to avoid damaging your barrel. Avoid using a rod that's too thin or flimsy. Consider a rod with a guide to prevent it from scratching the rifling.
- Eye Protection: Safety glasses are essential to protect your eyes from flying debris.
- Gloves: Nitrile gloves help protect your hands and prevent the transfer of oils and solvents to other surfaces.
- A stable workspace: Find a clean, well-lit area where you can work comfortably and safely without distractions.
Step-by-Step Guide to Cleaning Your AR-15 Barrel
Now, let's break down the process step-by-step:
1. Disassemble Your AR-15: First, ensure your firearm is unloaded and safe. Follow the appropriate steps for safely disassembling your AR-15 to access the barrel. Consult your owner's manual if needed. This typically involves removing the upper receiver.
2. Attach the Cleaning Rod: Securely attach your cleaning rod to the chamber end of the barrel. Avoid forcing it.
3. Apply Cleaning Solvent: Pour a small amount of cleaning solvent onto a bore brush and attach it to the cleaning rod.
4. Scrub the Barrel: Slowly and carefully push the brush through the barrel, rotating it as you go. Repeat this process several times, ensuring all areas are cleaned thoroughly. Avoid excessive force.
5. Remove the Brush and Replace with a Patch: Remove the bore brush and attach a clean patch to the jag. Push it through the barrel several times to remove the loosened fouling and solvent.
6. Repeat until Patches are Clean: Continue repeating steps 4 and 5, using fresh patches until the patches come out clean, indicating that the barrel is free of significant fouling.
7. Apply Gun Oil: Once the barrel is clean, attach a clean patch to the jag and lightly apply gun oil. Run the oiled patch through the barrel to lubricate it.
8. Reassemble your AR-15: Carefully reassemble your AR-15, following the reverse of your disassembly steps.
Advanced Cleaning Techniques for Stubborn Fouling
For particularly stubborn fouling, especially copper fouling, you might need to employ more advanced techniques.
- Copper Solvent: Use a high-quality copper solvent and let it dwell in the barrel for a longer period.
- Multiple Passes: Repeat the cleaning process with fresh solvent and patches several times to ensure complete removal.
- Ultrasonic Cleaner: For a thorough deep clean, consider using an ultrasonic cleaner. This method is effective but requires a specialized device.
Frequency of Cleaning
How often should you clean your AR-15 barrel? It depends on several factors, including how frequently you shoot and the type of ammunition used. A good rule of thumb is to clean it after every 200-300 rounds, or after a day at the range, even if it has been less than 200 rounds. More frequently if using corrosive ammunition.
Conclusion
Regular and proper cleaning of your AR-15 barrel is essential for maintaining its accuracy, reliability, and longevity. By following the steps outlined in this guide, and using the appropriate tools and supplies, you can ensure your firearm stays in top shape for years to come. Remember, safety always comes first. Always handle your firearm safely and responsibly.