Maintaining your AR-15 rifle involves more than just shooting it. Regular cleaning and lubrication are crucial for ensuring its longevity, accuracy, and reliable operation. This guide will walk you through the process of properly oiling your AR-15, covering the necessary tools, lubricants, and techniques. Understanding how to oil an AR-15 correctly will keep your firearm functioning smoothly and prevent costly repairs down the line.
Understanding AR-15 Lubrication Needs
Before we dive into the specifics, let's discuss why oiling your AR-15 is so important. The AR-15 platform, while robust, contains many moving parts that experience significant friction during operation. Without proper lubrication, these parts can wear down prematurely, leading to malfunctions, jams, and reduced accuracy. This is especially important for the bolt carrier group (BCG), which endures the most stress. Neglecting lubrication can lead to increased wear on the BCG rails, causing it to bind or stick.
Key Components Requiring Lubrication:
- Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): This is the heart of the action and requires the most attention. Lubricate the rails, the cam pin, and the bolt itself.
- Upper Receiver: The upper receiver contains the barrel and BCG. A light lubrication here helps ensure smooth operation.
- Lower Receiver: While less critical, lubricating the lower receiver's moving parts (trigger mechanism) can reduce friction and ensure smooth operation.
Tools and Materials You'll Need
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and materials:
- AR-15 specific cleaning kit: This will typically include a cleaning rod, bore brush, patches, and a cleaning solution.
- Gun oil: Choose a high-quality gun oil designed for firearms. Avoid using WD-40 or other non-firearm specific lubricants. Popular options include CLP (Cleaner, Lubricant, Protectant) or specialized AR-15 oils.
- Cotton swabs or lint-free cloths: These are useful for applying oil precisely.
- Needle nose pliers or a small pick: Useful for reaching difficult-to-access areas.
- Protective eyewear and gloves: Always protect yourself when handling firearms and chemicals.
Step-by-Step Guide on How to Oil Your AR-15
1. Field Strip Your AR-15:
Before oiling, field strip your AR-15. This involves removing the upper receiver from the lower receiver and separating the bolt carrier group. Consult your firearm's owner's manual if you're unsure about this process. Many resources are available online as well. Incorrect field stripping can damage your firearm.
2. Clean Your AR-15:
Before applying oil, ensure your AR-15 is thoroughly cleaned. Remove any carbon buildup, debris, or residue from all components. This step is crucial, as dirt and grime can mix with the oil and increase friction.
3. Applying Lubricant:
Once your rifle is clean and dry, apply the oil sparingly. A little goes a long way. Focus on the key friction points:
- Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Apply a small drop of oil to the rails of the BCG and along the cam pin.
- Bolt: A drop of oil on the bolt face and the lugs.
- Firing Pin: Apply a small amount of lubricant to the firing pin.
- Buffer Tube: A small amount of oil on the buffer tube can help smooth operation.
4. Reassembly:
Carefully reassemble your AR-15. Ensure that all components are properly aligned and seated before firing.
5. Function Check:
After reassembly, perform a function check. This involves cycling the action several times to ensure that all components move smoothly. Don't fire the weapon during a function check.
Types of Gun Oil and Their Properties
Choosing the right gun oil is critical. Here's a brief comparison of common types:
| Gun Oil Type | Properties | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLP (Cleaner/Lubricant/Protectant) | Cleans, lubricates, and protects. | Versatile, all-in-one solution. | Can be slightly more viscous than dedicated oils. |
| Synthetic Gun Oils | Superior lubrication, resists breakdown. | Longer-lasting, performs better in extreme conditions. | Can be more expensive. |
| Mineral-based Oils | Traditional, readily available. | Generally less expensive. | May not last as long or perform as well. |
Note: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for your specific gun oil.
Oiling Frequency
The frequency with which you oil your AR-15 depends on factors such as use, environmental conditions, and the type of lubricant used. A good rule of thumb is to oil your rifle after each shooting session, or at least every few months if it's not frequently used. Always check for signs of excessive wear or friction.
Troubleshooting and Common Issues
- Sticking Bolt: This usually indicates insufficient lubrication or excessive fouling. Clean and re-lubricate thoroughly.
- Malfunctions: These could be caused by excessive lubrication, improper lubrication, or other issues. Check for proper assembly and cleaning.
- Accuracy Issues: While oiling is important for function, excessive oil can affect accuracy. Use sparingly and wipe off any excess.
Remember, this guide provides general advice. Always refer to your firearm's owner's manual for specific instructions and recommendations. If you're unsure about any aspect of this process, consult a qualified gunsmith. Proper lubrication is crucial for maintaining your AR-15's performance and longevity. By following these steps, you'll ensure your rifle remains reliable and ready when you need it.