Bluing, a process that creates a protective dark finish on firearms, can sometimes become undesirable. Whether you're restoring a gun to its original state, prepping for a refinishing project, or simply want to remove unwanted bluing, this guide provides a step-by-step approach to safely and effectively remove bluing from your gun. Removing bluing requires patience and precision, so read carefully before beginning. Remember, always prioritize safety when working with firearms and chemicals.
Understanding Bluing and its Removal
Bluing, also known as blackening or blueing, is a chemical process that involves reacting steel with a solution to create a thin oxide layer, protecting the metal from rust and corrosion. There are several types of bluing, each requiring slightly different removal techniques. Modern bluing is often a more durable process than older methods, making removal more challenging. Knowing the type of bluing on your firearm can inform your approach.
Types of Bluing and Their Removal Challenges:
- Hot Salt Bluing: A traditional method, hot salt bluing is relatively easier to remove compared to modern finishes.
- Cold Bluing: This is a chemical process done at room temperature. Removal can be more challenging.
- Modern Bluing (e.g., Melonite, Teflon): These modern finishes are significantly more durable and harder to remove completely. They often require more aggressive techniques and may necessitate professional assistance.
Before starting, identify the type of bluing on your firearm to choose the most effective removal method. If unsure, consulting a gunsmith is recommended.
Safe and Effective Bluing Removal Methods
Several methods can be used to remove bluing, each with varying levels of effectiveness and aggressiveness. We'll explore the most common, starting with the least abrasive.
Method 1: Chemical Strippers
Chemical strippers are readily available at hardware stores and are often the preferred method for removing bluing from most firearms.
- Materials: Chemical metal stripper (specifically designed for steel), safety glasses, rubber gloves, plastic or metal container, rags, and a stiff-bristled brush.
- Process:
- Preparation: Wear safety glasses and gloves. Work in a well-ventilated area.
- Application: Apply the stripper generously to the areas where you want to remove bluing. Follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely.
- Waiting: Allow the stripper to dwell for the recommended time, often 15-30 minutes, depending on the stripper and the type of bluing.
- Removal: Use a stiff-bristled brush to gently scrub away the softened bluing. You may need to repeat the process for stubborn areas.
- Neutralization: Once the bluing is removed, neutralize the stripper according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This usually involves washing the area with water or a neutralizing solution.
- Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the firearm with soap and water, then dry completely.
Caution: Chemical strippers are corrosive. Always follow the manufacturer's safety instructions carefully. Test the stripper on a small, inconspicuous area first.
Method 2: Electrolytic Removal
Electrolytic removal is a more advanced technique requiring a power supply, an electrolyte solution (like a solution of sodium hydroxide), and a sacrificial anode. This method is best left to experienced individuals with a good understanding of electrolysis and safety precautions. Improper use can damage the firearm.
Method 3: Mechanical Removal (Sanding/Abrasive Blasting)
Mechanical removal, including sanding or abrasive blasting (media blasting), is the most aggressive method. It's suitable for removing stubborn bluing but carries a higher risk of damaging the firearm's underlying metal. This should be done only by skilled individuals or professionals, ideally on firearms with damaged or heavily worn finishes.
Post-Removal Treatment
Once the bluing is removed, the metal underneath will be exposed and vulnerable to corrosion. It's crucial to take steps to protect the metal.
- Cleaning: Thoroughly clean the firearm to remove all traces of the stripper or abrasive material.
- Neutralization: (if applicable) Use a neutralizer to ensure any remaining chemicals are neutralized.
- Rust Prevention: Apply a rust inhibitor, such as oil or a protective coating, to prevent rust formation. Consider refinishing the firearm with a new coating.
Case Study: Removing Bluing from an Antique Revolver
An antique revolver with heavily worn and partially flaked hot salt bluing was successfully treated using a chemical stripper. After applying the stripper and scrubbing, the bluing was largely removed. The underlying metal was then cleaned, neutralized, and treated with a rust inhibitor before undergoing professional restoration. This case highlights the efficacy of chemical stripping for older bluing types.
Conclusion
Removing bluing from a gun is a complex process that requires careful consideration of the bluing type, the chosen removal method, and safety precautions. Choosing the appropriate method based on the firearm's condition and your experience is critical. If you're unsure about any step, consulting a professional gunsmith is always recommended. Remember, safety is paramount. Always wear appropriate safety equipment and work in a well-ventilated area. Proper post-removal treatment is crucial to protect the firearm from corrosion and maintain its condition.