Internal Jam In Shotgun Barrel

3 min read 24-01-2025

Internal Jam In Shotgun Barrel

Internal jams in shotgun barrels are frustrating and potentially dangerous situations. This comprehensive guide will explore the causes, troubleshooting methods, and preventative measures to ensure safe and reliable shotgun operation. Understanding how to handle a jammed shotgun is crucial for every responsible firearm owner.

Understanding Shotgun Jams

A shotgun jam occurs when the firearm malfunctions, preventing the next round from cycling or the ejection of a spent shell. Internal jams specifically refer to obstructions within the barrel itself, unlike external jams involving the action or feeding mechanism. These jams can range from minor obstructions to complete blockages, significantly impacting firearm functionality and potentially causing injury if mishandled. Internal jams are often caused by different factors than external jams.

Types of Internal Jams

Internal jams can be categorized into several types based on the cause:

  • Double Loads: Loading two cartridges into the chamber simultaneously is a common cause. This creates an immediate blockage.

  • Obstructions: Foreign objects like debris, twigs, or even partially-detonated shells can lodge inside the barrel, halting further firing.

  • Deformed Cartridges: Damaged or deformed cartridges can expand during firing, obstructing the barrel. Improper ammunition storage can contribute to this.

  • Bullet-Type Shot Shells: While uncommon in standard shotguns, specialized shells with unusually shaped projectiles can cause internal jams due to their size or shape.

Troubleshooting a Jammed Shotgun Barrel

Safety First! Before attempting to clear a jammed shotgun, always follow these crucial safety precautions:

  1. Point the muzzle in a safe direction: Never point the gun at anything you don't intend to destroy.
  2. Keep your finger off the trigger: This is paramount throughout the entire process.
  3. Visually and physically inspect the firearm: Make sure you understand the type of jam and its location.

Steps to Clear an Internal Jam

The specific procedure depends on the type of shotgun action (pump-action, semi-automatic, or break-action). However, the following steps offer a general approach:

  1. Ensure the Safety is On: Engage the safety mechanism before proceeding.

  2. Open the Action (if possible): For pump-action or semi-automatic shotguns, work the action carefully. A stubborn jam may require more force but always avoid excessive brute force which can damage the firearm.

  3. Visual Inspection: Carefully inspect the barrel for any visible obstructions. Use a cleaning rod (without an attached brush or jag) to gently probe the barrel for hidden debris.

  4. Rod Out the Obstruction: If an obstruction is found, use a cleaning rod to carefully push it out of the barrel from the muzzle end. Use a cleaning patch to remove any loose debris.

  5. Remove Stuck Cartridge: If a deformed or lodged cartridge is the cause, try to gently push it from the breech end (opposite the muzzle) using a suitable tool or rod. Avoid using excessive force.

  6. Break-Action Shotguns: For break-action shotguns, carefully open the barrel to visually inspect and remove the obstruction.

  7. Professional Help: If you cannot clear the jam safely, seek the assistance of a qualified gunsmith.

Preventing Internal Jams

Preventing internal jams is far better than trying to clear them. These preventative measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of encountering this frustrating issue:

  • Use High-Quality Ammunition: Choose well-maintained ammunition from reputable manufacturers. Avoid using damaged or dented cartridges.

  • Proper Storage: Store ammunition in a cool, dry place away from extreme temperatures and humidity.

  • Clean Your Shotgun Regularly: Regular cleaning prevents the buildup of debris and residue that can cause jams.

  • Thorough Inspection: Always inspect your shotgun before use, checking for any visible obstructions or damage.

  • Avoid Overloading: Carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid double-loading the chamber.

Case Study: A Deformed Cartridge Jam

A hunter experienced a jam during a pheasant hunt. A deformed cartridge, likely damaged during storage, expanded within the barrel, creating a complete blockage. Careful use of a cleaning rod, following all safety precautions, allowed him to remove the obstruction and resume hunting safely. This highlights the importance of using high-quality ammunition stored correctly.

Conclusion

Internal jams in shotgun barrels are a serious issue requiring careful handling. By understanding the causes, following proper safety procedures for clearing jams, and implementing preventative measures, shotgun owners can ensure the safe and reliable operation of their firearms. Remember, prioritizing safety is paramount when handling any firearm. If you are unsure about clearing a jam, always consult a qualified gunsmith.

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