The Stevens 20 gauge pump shotgun holds a unique place in the world of firearms. Known for its affordability and reliability, it's a popular choice for hunters, sport shooters, and home defenders alike. This guide delves deep into the Stevens 20 gauge pump, exploring its history, variations, features, common issues, and overall value.
Understanding the Stevens Legacy
The Stevens name, long associated with affordable and dependable firearms, has a rich history. J. Stevens Arms Company, founded in 1864, produced a vast array of firearms, including shotguns that were particularly popular for their practical design and accessible price points. While the original company no longer exists (it was acquired by Savage Arms in 1920, and later absorbed into Savage), the legacy of Stevens shotguns continues to this day, with many models remaining sought-after by collectors and shooters alike. The 20 gauge pump action models, in particular, are known for their ruggedness and ease of use.
Popular Stevens 20 Gauge Pump Models
Several variations of Stevens 20 gauge pump shotguns exist. Identifying the specific model is crucial for finding parts, accessories, and understanding its unique features. Some popular models include:
- Stevens 311: A classic workhorse, this model was known for its simplicity and durability. It often features a simple bead sight. Many are found in used condition, providing a budget-friendly option.
- Stevens 555/665 Series: These models offered improvements over the 311, including upgraded features like improved stock designs and potentially more robust actions.
- Savage-branded Stevens: After the Savage Arms acquisition, some Stevens models were rebranded and sold under the Savage name, sometimes with subtle design modifications. These often retain the core features that made the Stevens name synonymous with reliability.
Note: Without a specific model number (often found on the barrel), pinpointing the exact specifications can be difficult. Always check the firearm for markings to accurately identify its type and features.
Identifying Your Stevens 20 Gauge Pump
Before performing any maintenance or repairs, accurately identify your shotgun model. This usually involves checking for markings on the barrel, receiver, or stock. The model number is critical for finding appropriate parts and manuals. Pictures of the markings can be helpful when seeking assistance from online forums or gunsmiths.
Key Features and Specifications
While specifications vary between models, several common features are found on most Stevens 20 gauge pump shotguns:
- Pump-Action Mechanism: This reliable system allows for fast follow-up shots.
- 20 Gauge Chambering: This smaller gauge offers less recoil than 12 gauge, making it ideal for beginners or smaller shooters.
- Bead Sight: Most models feature a simple bead sight for basic aiming.
- Steel Construction: Typically, the receiver and barrel are constructed from steel, lending to durability.
- Wood Stock: Many models use wood stocks, though synthetic stocks were also used in some later models.
Table 1: Comparing Common Stevens 20 Gauge Pump Models (Approximate)
| Model | Barrel Length (in) | Weight (lbs) | Stock Material | Typical Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stevens 311 | 26-28 | 6-7 | Wood | Basic sights, simple design |
| Stevens 555 | 26-28 | 6.5-7.5 | Wood/Synthetic | Improved ergonomics, potentially higher-quality components |
| Stevens 665 | 26-28 | 6.5-7.5 | Wood/Synthetic | Improved ergonomics, potentially higher-quality components |
Common Issues and Maintenance
Like any firearm, Stevens 20 gauge pumps can experience issues over time. Some common problems include:
- Extraction Issues: This may be due to worn-out parts, particularly the extractor.
- Feeding Problems: Often caused by dirty or damaged components in the action.
- Rust: Steel parts are susceptible to rust; regular cleaning and lubrication are essential.
Regular Maintenance is Key: Regular cleaning, lubrication, and inspection are vital for maintaining the reliability and longevity of your Stevens 20 gauge pump. This includes thoroughly cleaning the barrel, action, and other components after each use. Use a suitable gun cleaning kit and gun oil designed for firearms.
Is a Stevens 20 Gauge Pump Right for You?
The Stevens 20 gauge pump is an excellent choice for various applications, including:
- Home Defense: Its compact size and reliability make it suitable for close-quarters self-defense.
- Hunting Small Game: It's a great option for hunting birds, rabbits, and other small game.
- Target Shooting: It’s an affordable option for practicing shooting skills.
However, consider these factors:
- Condition: Used Stevens shotguns may require repair or restoration. Carefully inspect any used firearm before purchasing.
- Accessories: Finding specific accessories for older Stevens models can sometimes be challenging.
Conclusion: A Legacy of Value
The Stevens 20 gauge pump shotgun represents a long-standing tradition of affordable and reliable firearms. While not always the most modern or feature-rich shotgun, its simplicity, durability, and ease of use make it a solid choice for many shooters. Understanding its history, common variations, and potential issues will ensure you get the most out of this classic firearm. Remember always to handle firearms safely and responsibly. Consult with a qualified gunsmith if you encounter any significant issues with your shotgun.